A252 Grain 3 chara acha
N'ụwa nke imewe na owuwu, nwere ọkpọkọ na-enweghị atụ ma dị oke mkpa. A252 Graini atọ dabara adaba na nkọwa a zuru oke, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ihe a na-ejikarị nchara pipe dị iche iche n'osisi. Site na ike ya dị elu na nguzogide corrosion, pipe a nchara na-ewetara mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị atụ na owuwe mmiri ọwa mmiri.
A252 ọkwa 3 charaA maara maka ike tensile ya dị elu, nke kacha mma ụdị nchara ndị ọzọ. O nwere nnukwu tensile na nguzogide na-eguzogide, na-akwado nkwụsi ike dị mma. Njirimara a na-aghọ ihe dị mkpa ebe a na-edowe ahịrị ọwa mmiri dị ukwuu iji hụ na arụmọrụ dị elu. Ndị ọkachamara na mpaghara injinịa nwere ike ịtụkwasị ọkpọkọ a iji guzogide ọnọdụ siri ike.
Njirimara ozo puru iche nke A252 Grade 3 pel nchara bụ ọgwụgwọ ya n'elu. Iji hụ na oke dị mma, a na-emeso pipes na-akpachara anya iji gbochie oxidion na corrosion. Nke a pụtara na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike rụọ ọrụ na gburugburu corrosive dị ka oke, swamps na kemịkal osisi na-enweghị imebi ọrụ ya. Ike nke elu pipe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ dị mma maka ọrụ achọrọ iguzogide nguzogide.
| Akọwapụtara dayameta (d) | Oke osisi ahụ akọwapụtara na mm | Obere ule ule (MPA) | ||||||||||
| Glag Grall | ||||||||||||
| in | mm | L210 (a) | L245 (b) | L290 (x42) | L320 (x46) | L360 (X52) | L390 (x56) | L415 (x60) | L450 (x65) | L485 (x70) | L555 (x80) | |
| 8-5 / 8 | 219.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 |
| 7.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 9-5 / 8 | 244.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 19.3 |
| 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10-3 / 4 | 273.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 17.3 |
| 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 17.0 | Ke 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | Ke 18.1 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 12-3 / 4 | 323.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.6 |
| 7.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.4 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (325.0) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.5 | |
| 7.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.3 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 13-3 / 8 | 339.7 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13.9 |
| 8.-8 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14 | 355.6 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.-3 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 15.9 |
| 8.-8 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (377.0) | 6.0 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8. 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 15.0 | |
| 8.-8 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 20.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.-8 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16 | 406.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.9 |
| 8.-8 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 14.6 | 16.1 | Ke 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (426.0) | 6.0 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8. 8.6 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.3 | |
| 8.-8 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 17.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.1 | 8.-3 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 18 | 457.0 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.-8 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12.4 |
| 8.-8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8. 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 16.5 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 20 | 508.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.-3 | 8. 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 11.8 |
| 8.-8 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 8.s | 9.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 15.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 16.4 | Ke 18.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (529.0) | 6.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 11.3 | |
| 9.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22 | 559.0 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.-8 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 |
| 9.0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 16.1 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 8. 8.6 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22.2 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 24 | 610.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 8. 8.6 | 9.8 |
| 9.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 14.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 19.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 17.9 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (630.0) | 6.0 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.-3 | 9.5 | |
| 9.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 8.s | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 14.3 | ||
| 12.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 | ||
| 16.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
A na-akpọpụta nkọwa nke A252 klas 3 nke nchara site na ngwa ngwa ya. Na mgbakwunye na mmetụta ya na ebe a na-ere mmiri, enwere ike iji ya na ọrụ dị iche iche gụnyere mmanụ na gas, mmiri mmiri na ọrụ akụrụngwa. Nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ mbụ maka ndị injinia na ndị ọrụ ngo na-achọ ihe ngwọta pọpụ dị mma maka ọrụ ha.
A bịasiwaakaraIhe owuwu, A252 Grade PIPS 3 pụtara. Ike ya dị elu na nguzogide corrosion setịpụrụ ya n'ofe ọkpọkọ ndị ọzọ na ahịa. Site na ịhọrọ ụdị pipe a nwere ike inwe obi ike na ọrụ ha ga-eguzo ule nke oge, na-ejide anya dịgide na nkwado nke imewe ya.
Na nchịkọta, A252 Grade 3 nchara pipe bụ ihe egwuregwu na-agbagha na ebe a na-eme ihe owuwu a na-ewu ewu. Ike tensile ya na nguzogide corsosion na-eme ka ọ mata ezigbo nhọrọ maka ndị injinia na-achọ ihe ngwọta a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ma ọ bụ nkwụsi ike nke usoro ma ọ bụ mkpa ijigide gburugburu cricsosive nke ukwuu, nchara a na-atụ anya tụrụ anya. Ikwupụta ọkwa A252 3 nchara ma nwee ogo na-enweghị atụ ọ na-ewetara gị ọrụ injinịa.
