Amaghị SAVICE CIPE nke na-ezute mkpa gị
A na-eji teknụzụ dị elu anyị mere emepụta ya na teknụzụ dị elu ma na-eme nyocha siri ike iji hụ na ha na-ezute ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ kachasị elu. Ebe ọ bụ na ntọala anyị na 1993, a na-emerịrị ihe anyị na-ekwupụta ma bụrụ onye na-ebute ihe na-eduga n'ogige nchara.
Emi odude ke Cananzhou City, Hebei, ikeme, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọnọdụ dị 350,000 na mkpokọta nke RMB 680 nde. Anyị nwere ndị ọrụ 680 nke raara onwe ha nye na-emepụta nchara nke ọ bụghị naanị na-ezute ma gafere atụmanya ndị ahịa anyị.
Ezubere iji nweta ọtụtụ ngwa, adịchaghị adịSawh pipesdị mma maka iwu ụlọ, akụrụngwa na ọtụtụ ọrụ mmepụta ọrụ dịgasị iche iche. A ma ama ama ama ama maka ịdị mfe ha, ike na nguzogide na-eguzogide, na-ejide ha na ha na-arụ ọrụ ịdabere na gburugburu ndị kachasị achọ.
Nkọwapụta ngwaahịa
| Akọwapụtara dayameta (d) | Oke osisi ahụ akọwapụtara na mm | Obere ule ule (MPA) | ||||||||||
| Glag Grall | ||||||||||||
| in | mm | L210 (a) | L245 (b) | L290 (x42) | L320 (x46) | L360 (X52) | L390 (x56) | L415 (x60) | L450 (x65) | L485 (x70) | L555 (x80) | |
| 8-5 / 8 | 219.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 |
| 7.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 9-5 / 8 | 244.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 19.3 |
| 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10-3 / 4 | 273.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 17.3 |
| 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 17.0 | Ke 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | Ke 18.1 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 12-3 / 4 | 323.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.6 |
| 7.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.4 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (325.0) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.5 | |
| 7.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.3 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 13-3 / 8 | 339.7 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13.9 |
| 8.-8 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14 | 355.6 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.-3 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 15.9 |
| 8.-8 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (377.0) | 6.0 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8. 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 15.0 | |
| 8.-8 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 20.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.-8 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16 | 406.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.9 |
| 8.-8 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 14.6 | 16.1 | Ke 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (426.0) | 6.0 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8. 8.6 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.3 | |
| 8.-8 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 17.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.1 | 8.-3 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 18 | 457.0 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.-8 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12.4 |
| 8.-8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8. 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 16.5 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 20 | 508.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.-3 | 8. 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 11.8 |
| 8.-8 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 8.s | 9.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 15.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 16.4 | Ke 18.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (529.0) | 6.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 11.3 | |
| 9.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22 | 559.0 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.-8 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 |
| 9.0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 16.1 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 8. 8.6 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22.2 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 24 | 610.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 8. 8.6 | 9.8 |
| 9.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 14.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 19.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 17.9 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (630.0) | 6.0 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.-3 | 9.5 | |
| 9.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 8.s | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 14.3 | ||
| 12.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 | ||
| 16.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
Usoro imepụta amalite site na isonye na nchara nchara iji kwụsị mono- ma ọ bụ ejima na-etinye arc. Usoro a na - eme ka njikọ nke enweghị mgbochi n'etiti isi na ọdụ, na - eme ka ọ bụrụ nke ọma iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke ọkpọkọ. E mesịa, a na-akpọpụ mpempe steel ahụ n'ime ụdị tube. Iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo ike, a na-eji ụgbọ mmiri a na-agbado mmiri a na-eme maka ịgbazite. Usoro ịgbado ọkụ a na-agbakwunye mgbakwunye nke mgbakwunye, na-enye ohere ọkpọkọ iji guzogide ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike.
Uru
1. Otu uru dị mkpa nke pawh pipe bụ ike ya pụrụ iche na ịdị ogologo.
2. Nnyocha dị mma dị mma na-ahụ na ọ bụla pipe niile na-ezukọta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ, na-enye ndị injinia na ọrụ ọrụ nke uche.
3 Enwere ike ịmepụta ha n'ọtụtụ nha na ọkpụrụkpụ dị iche iche ma enwere ike ịhazi ya iji kwado ihe ọrụ ụfọdụ. Nke a na-eme mgbanwe na-eme ka ha dị mma maka ụdị ngwa, na-eme ka arịrịọ ha na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ.
Mmezi ngwaahịa ngwaahịa
1 N'ihi na oru utịtu ego, nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-egbochi ya.
2. Ọ bụ ezie na teknụzụ dị elu ejirila mee ihe na-eme ka ọrụ dị elu, ọ nwekwara ike ibute oge ndị dị ogologo, na-emetụta usoro ọrụ.
Ajụjụ
Q1. Kedu ihe bụ obere sawde?
Sawh pipe bụ ụdị nke paịlị a na-agba agba mara mma maka ike ya na ịdị ogologo. A na-eme ha site na odded steel na-acha uhie uhie ma dịkwa mma maka ngwa nrụgide dị elu.
Q2. Kedu ụlọ ọrụ na-eji bọmpụ sah?
A na-ejikwa achịcha anyị sawh ebe niile dị ka iwu, mmiri, mmanụ na mmanụ n'ihi ike ha na ntụkwasị obi.
Q3. Kedu ka m ga - esi họrọ tube nke aka nri maka ọrụ m?
Tụlee ihe ndị dị ka dayameta ọkpọkọ na ihe omume chọrọ. Ndị otu anyị nwere ike inyere gị aka ịhọrọ nhọrọ kachasị mma iji gboo mkpa gị.
Q4. Olee ụdị mmesi obi ike dị?
Anyị na-eme usoro nchịkwa dị mma na usoro nke ọ bụla maka mmepụta iji hụ na tube anyị na-ezute ụkpụrụ mba ụwa na atụmanya ndị ahịa.
