A na-eji eriri eriri carbon welded nke dị n'okpuru ala
Ntanetị dị n'ime mmiri bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke obodo ọ bụla ma ọ bụ mpaghara obodo ọ bụla. Ọ bụ ọrụ maka inye mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ na-a drinkingụ mmiri, ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Enweghị sistemụ pọmpụ, ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha ga-agbanwe agbanwe, na-ebute ihe egwu ahụike nwere ike ime ma na-emebi ndụ kwa ụbọchị. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji hụ na ihe eji eme ihe na ọkpọkọ ndị a dị oke mma ma nwee ike ịga njem ndị a chọrọ maka njem ụgbọ mmiri.
| Akọwapụtara dayameta (d) | Oke osisi ahụ akọwapụtara na mm | Obere ule ule (MPA) | ||||||||||
| Glag Grall | ||||||||||||
| in | mm | L210 (a) | L245 (b) | L290 (x42) | L320 (x46) | L360 (X52) | L390 (x56) | L415 (x60) | L450 (x65) | L485 (x70) | L555 (x80) | |
| 8-5 / 8 | 219.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 |
| 7.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 9-5 / 8 | 244.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 19.3 |
| 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10-3 / 4 | 273.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 17.3 |
| 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 17.0 | Ke 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 10.0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | Ke 18.1 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 12-3 / 4 | 323.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.6 |
| 7.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.4 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (325.0) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.5 | |
| 7.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.3 | ||
| 10.0 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 13-3 / 8 | 339.7 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13.9 |
| 8.-8 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14 | 355.6 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.-3 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 15.9 |
| 8.-8 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (377.0) | 6.0 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8. 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 15.0 | |
| 8.-8 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 20.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 8.-8 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16 | 406.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.9 |
| 8.-8 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 14.6 | 16.1 | Ke 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (426.0) | 6.0 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8. 8.6 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.3 | |
| 8.-8 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 17.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 7.1 | 8.-3 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 18 | 457.0 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.-8 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12.4 |
| 8.-8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8. 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 16.5 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 20 | 508.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.-3 | 8. 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 11.8 |
| 8.-8 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 8.s | 9.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 15.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 16.4 | Ke 18.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (529.0) | 6.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 11.3 | |
| 9.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.0 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 16.0 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22 | 559.0 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.-8 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 |
| 9.0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 16.1 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 8. 8.6 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 22.2 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 24 | 610.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.-8 | 8. 8.6 | 9.8 |
| 9.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 14.7 | ||
| 12.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 19.7 | ||
| 14.0 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 17.9 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| (630.0) | 6.0 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.-3 | 9.5 | |
| 9.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 8.s | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 14.3 | ||
| 12.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 | ||
| 16.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 19.1 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
| 25.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
Dị ka sọọdọ carbon steel, dịka S235 JR naX70 Ssaw Lipe, bụ nhọrọ ama ama maka ọkpọkọ mmiri n'okpuruala n'ihi ịdị ogologo oge na nguzogide corrosion. Emepụtara ọkpọkọ ndị na-eji mgbakwunye na-agba mgbakwunye, na-ejide ike nrụgide na ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara njem ụgbọ mmiri. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ewu ọkpọkọ ndị a dị mma maka ike maka ike na ịdị ogologo ndụ, na-eme ha nhọrọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya maka sistemụ nkesa ogologo oge.
Otu n'ime uru isi nke ijipaịlị carbonMaka njem dị ala dị ala bụ nguzogide nguzogide ya. N'okpuruala n'okpuru mmiri na-ekpughere mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke nwere ike ibute ihe ọdịnala dịka ihe ma ọ bụ pvc na nchara. Agbanyeghị, ọkpọkọ carbon steel na-eguzosi ike na corrosion, na-enyere ha aka iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe ha nwere n'oge. Nke a corrosion iguzogide na-ebelata mkpa maka ndozi na nnọchi, n'ikpeazụ ịchekwa ọnụego mmiri.
Na mgbakwunye, ike na ịdị ogologo nke carbod carbon pọrọ carbon na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka nrụnye nzuzo. Ọkpọkọ ndị a na-enwe ike iguzogide nrụgide dị na mpụga site na ala na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru ala, na-ejidere ha na-emebi emebi na ndụ ha niile. Ọzọkwa, owuwu ya na ịdị mma nke ime ụlọ belata ihe ize ndụ nke mgbochi ma ọ bụ gbazee, na-abawanye ụba na arụmọrụ nke ụgbọ mmiri ala ala ala ala.
Na nchịkọta,Ahịhịa mmiri n'okpuruOtu akụkụ dị mkpa nke akụrụngwa ọgbara ọhụrụ, yana nhọrọ nke ihe eji eme ihe na ọkpọkọ ndị a dị oke mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ ha na ịdị ogologo ndụ ha. Ejiri carbon steel carbon steel, dịka SSA na X70 Ssaw Lipe, na-enye ọtụtụ uru maka njem ụgbọ mmiri, gụnyere iguzogide na ike dị elu. Site na iji ọkpọkọ ndị a dị elu, sistemụ mmiri nwere ike ịgba mbọ hụ na ndị obodo nwere ike ịdabere na ya mgbe ị na-ebelata mkpa maka ndozi na nnọchi.
