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    Nkọwapụta mbipụta API 5L 46 maka Oke Ọkụkụ

    Nkọwapụta Mbipụta API 5L 46 maka Onyonyo egosipụtara oke ahịrị
    • Nkọwapụta mbipụta API 5L 46 maka Oke Ọkụkụ

    Nkọwa dị mkpirikpi:

    Ezipụta imepụta ọkwa ngwaahịa abụọ (PSL1 na PSL2) nke ọkpọkọ nchara enweghị nkebi na welded maka ojiji nke pipeline na mbufe mmanụ ala na gas.Maka iji ihe eji eme ihe na ngwa ọrụ Sour rụtụ aka na Annex H yana maka ngwa ọrụ nke oke osimiri rụtụ aka na Mgbakwunye J nke API5L 45th.


    Nkọwa ngwaahịa

    Mkpado ngwaahịa

    Ọnọdụ nnyefe

    PSL Ọnọdụ nnyefe Ọkwa ọkpọkọ
    PSL1 Dị ka-akpọrela, normalized, normalizing kpụrụ

    A
    Dị ka-akpọrela, normalizing akpọrepu, thermomechanical akpọrepu, thermo-mechanical kpụrụ, normalize kpụrụ, normalized, normalized na iwe ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na akwadoro Q&T SMLS naanị.

    B
    Dị ka-akpọrela, normalizing akpọrepu, thermomechanical akpọrepu, thermo-mechanical kpụrụ, normalize kpụrụ, normalized, normalized na iwe ọkụ. X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70
    PSL 2 Dị ka-akpọrela

    BR, X42R
    Normalizing akpọrela, na-eme ka ọ dị mma etolite, emebere ya ma ọ bụ mee ka ọ dị mma na iwe ọkụ BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
    Emenyụ na iwe BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
    Thermomechanical akpọrepu ma ọ bụ thermomechanical kpụrụ BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M.
    Thermomechanical akpọrela X90M, X100M, X120M
    Nke zuru oke (R, N, Q ma ọ bụ M) maka akara ule PSL2, bụ nke ọkwa nchara.

    Ozi ịtụ

    Usoro ịzụrụ ga-agụnye ọnụọgụ, ọkwa PSL, ụdị ma ọ bụ ọkwa, ntụaka na API5L, dayameta dị n'èzí, ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi, ogologo na mgbakwunye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye ọ bụla metụtara kemịkalụ, ihe eji arụ ọrụ, ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, nyocha ọzọ, usoro mmepụta, mkpuchi elu ma ọ bụ njedebe njedebe.

    Usoro nhazi nke nrụpụta

    Ụdị ọkpọkọ

    PSL 1

    PSL 2
    Ọkwa A Ọkwa B X42 ruo X70 B ruo X80 X80 ruo X100
    SMLS

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LFW

    ü

    ü

    ü
    HFW

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LW

    ü
    SAWL

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SAWH

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SMLS - enweghị nkebi, enweghị weld

    LFW - ọkpọkọ welded dị ala, <70 kHz

    HFW - ọkpọkọ welded dị elu,> 70 kHz

    SAWL – ịgbado ọkụ n'okpuru ala-arc ogologo welded

    SAWH – Submerge-arc ịgbado ọkụ helical welded

    Ihe mmalite

    Ingots, blooms, billlets, coils ma ọ bụ efere eji emepụta ọkpọkọ ga-eme ya site na usoro ndị a, oxygen bụ isi, ọkụ ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ ọkụ mepere emepe yana usoro nchacha ladle.Maka PSL2, a ga-egbu nchara ma gbazee dịka ezigbo omume ọka siri dị.Igwe okwute ma ọ bụ efere eji maka ọkpọkọ PSL2 agaghị enwe nrụzi ọ bụla.

    Ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ maka PSL 1 ọkpọkọ nwere t ≤ 0.984″

    Ọkwa ígwè

    Iberibe uka,% dabere na okpomọkụ na nyocha ngwaahịa a,g

    C

    max b

    Mn

    max b

    P

    max

    S

    max

    V

    max

    Nb

    max

    Ti

    max

    Pipe enweghị nkebi

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.28

    1.20

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.28

    1.30

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0,28 e

    1,40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0,28 e

    1,40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0,28 e

    1,40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    Ọkpọkpọ welded

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.26

    1.2

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.26

    1.3

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0,26 e

    1,40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0,26 e

    1,45 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0,26e

    1,65 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f
    1. Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni;≤ 0.50%;Cr ≤ 0.50%;na Mo ≤ 0.15%
    2. Maka mbelata ọ bụla nke 0.01% n'okpuru max akọwapụtara.itinye uche maka carbon, yana mmụba nke 0.05% karịa max akọwapụtara.itinye uche maka Mn kwere omume, ruo max.nke 1.65% maka akara ule ≥ B, mana ≤ = X52;ruo max.nke 1.75% maka akara ule> X52, mana
    3. Ọ gwụla ma ekwenyeghị NB + V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%
    5. Ọ gwụla ma ekwetaghị.
    6. Ọ gwụla ma ekwenyeghị n'ụzọ ọzọ, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    7. Ọnweghị ụma gbakwụnye nke B anabataghị yana nke fọdụrụ B ≤ 0.001%

    Ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ maka ọkpọkọ PSL 2 nwere t ≤ 0.984″

    Ọkwa ígwè

    Iberibe oke,% dabere na nleba ọkụ na ngwaahịa

    Carbon Equiv a

    C

    max b

    Si

    max

    Mn

    max b

    P

    max

    S

    max

    V

    max

    Nb

    max

    Ti

    max

    Ndị ọzọ

    CE IIW

    max

    PC PC CE

    max

    Ọkpụkpọ enweghị nkebi na Welded

    BR

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42R

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    BN

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10 f

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60N

    0,24 f

    0,45 f

    1.40 f

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10 f

    0.05 f

    0,04 f

    g,h,l

    Dị ka e kwetara

    BQ

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56Q

    0.18

    0,45 f

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60Q

    0.18 f

    0,45 f

    1.70 f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65Q

    0.18 f

    0,45 f

    1.70 f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70Q

    0.18 f

    0,45 f

    1.80 f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80Q

    0.18 f

    0,45 f

    1.90 f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    Dị ka e kwetara

    X90Q

    0,16 f

    0,45 f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Dị ka e kwetara

    X100Q

    0,16 f

    0,45 f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Dị ka e kwetara

    Ọkpọkpọ welded

    BM

    0.22

    0.45

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56M

    0.22

    0,45 f

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60M

    0.12f

    0,45 f

    1.60 f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65M

    0.12f

    0,45 f

    1.60 f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70M

    0.12f

    0,45 f

    1.70 f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80M

    0.12f

    0,45 f

    1,85 f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    .043f

    0.25

    X90M

    0.10

    0,55 f

    2.10 f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    -

    0.25

    X100M

    0.10

    0,55 f

    2.10 f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    -

    0.25
    1. SMLS t>0.787”, oke CE ga-adị ka ekwenyere.Oke CEIIW etinyere fi C> 0.12% yana oke CEPcm etinyere ma ọ bụrụ C ≤ 0.12%
    2. Maka mbelata ọ bụla nke 0.01% n'okpuru max akọwapụtara.itinye uche maka carbon, yana mmụba nke 0.05% karịa max akọwapụtara.itinye uche maka Mn kwere omume, ruo max.nke 1.65% maka akara ule ≥ B, mana ≤ = X52;ruo max.nke 1.75% maka akara ule> X52, mana
    3. Ọ gwụla ma ekwenyeghị Nb = V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    5. Ọ gwụla ma ekwetaghị, Cu ≤ 0.50%;Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% na Mo ≤ 0.15%
    6. Ọ gwụla ma ekwetaghị
    7. Ọ gwụla ma ekwenyeghị n'ụzọ ọzọ, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%
    8. Ọ gwụla ma ekwenyeghị n'ụzọ ọzọ, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% na MO ≤ 0.50%
    9. Ọ gwụla ma ekwenyeghị n'ụzọ ọzọ, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% na MO ≤ 0.50%
    10. B≤ 0.004%
    11. Ọ gwụla ma ekwenyeghị n'ụzọ ọzọ, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% na MO ≤ 0.80%
    12. Maka akara ule ọ bụla PSL 2 ma e wezụga akara ule ndị nwere ndetu ala ala peeji j kwuru, ihe ndị a na-emetụta.Ọ gwụla ma ekwenyeghị n'ụzọ ọzọ ọ nweghị ụma gbakwụnye nke B anabataghị yana nke fọdụrụ B ≤ 0.001%.

    Tensile na Mpụta - PSL1 na PSL2

    Ọkwa ọkpọkọ

    Ngwongwo tensile - ahụ ọkpọkọ nke SMLS na ọkpọkọ welded PSL 1

    Ọnụ nke ọkpọkọ welded

    Mpụta Ike a

    Rt0,5PSI Min

    Ike tensile a

    Rm PSI Min

    Ogologo oge

    (na 2in Af % min)

    Ike tensile b

    Rm PSI Min

    A

    30,500

    48,600

    c

    48,600

    B

    35,500

    60,200

    c

    60,200

    X42

    42,100

    60,200

    c

    60,200

    X46

    46,400

    63,100

    c

    63,100

    X52

    52,200

    66,700

    c

    66,700

    X56

    56,600

    71,100

    c

    71,100

    X60

    60,200

    75,400

    c

    75,400

    X65

    65,300

    77,500

    c

    77,500

    X70

    70,300

    82,700

    c

    82,700
    a.Maka ọkwa etiti, ọdịiche dị n'etiti ike ngwunye kacha nta akọwapụtara yana nke kacha nta akọwapụtara maka ahụ ọkpọkọ ga-abụ dị ka enyere maka ọkwa dị elu na-esote.

    b.Maka akara ule etiti, ike tensile kacha nta akọwapụtara maka eriri weld ga-abụ otu ihe ekpebisiri ike maka ahụ site na iji ndetu ụkwụ a.

    c.Ogologo kacha nta akọwapụtara, Af, akọwapụta ya na pasentị wee gbakọọ ruo pasentị kacha nso, a ga-eji nha nhata ekpebie:

    Ebe C bụ 1 940 maka mgbako site na iji nkeji Si na 625 000 maka mgbako site na iji nkeji USC.

    Axcbụ nke ọdabara Mpempe ule tensile na mpaghara cross-section, nke akọwara n'ime square millimeters (square inches) , dị ka ndị a

    - Maka mpempe ule okirikiri okirikiri, 130mm2 (0.20 nke anụ ọhịa)2) maka 12.7 mm (0.500 na) na 8.9 mm (.350 na) mpempe ule dayameta;na 65 mm2(0.10 nke anụ ọhịa2) maka mpempe ule dayameta 6.4 mm (0.250in).

    - Maka mpempe ule zuru oke, obere nke a) 485 mm2(0.75 nke anụ ọhịa)2) na b) mpaghara obe nke mpempe ule, nke a na-enweta site na iji dayameta n'èzí akọwapụtara na ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi a kapịrị ọnụ nke ọkpọkọ, gbakọrọ na 10 mm kacha nso.2(0.10 n'arọ2)

    - Maka mpempe ule warara, nke pere mpe nke a) 485 mm2(0.75 nke anụ ọhịa)2) na b) mpaghara obe nke mpempe ule, nke a na-enweta site na iji obosara a kapịrị ọnụ nke mpempe ule na mgbidi a kapịrị ọnụ nke ọkpọkọ, gbakọrọ na 10 mm kacha nso.2(0.10 n'arọ2)

    U bụ ike tensile kacha nta akọwapụtara, akọwapụtara na megapascals (paụnd kwa square inch)

    Ọkwa ọkpọkọ

    Ngwongwo tensile - ahụ ọkpọkọ nke SMLS na ọkpọkọ welded PSL 2

    Ọnụ nke ọkpọkọ welded

    Mpụta Ike a

    Rt0,5PSI Min

    Ike tensile a

    Rm PSI Min

    Oke a,c

    R10,5IRm

    Ogologo oge

    (n'ime 2 n'ime)

    Af %

    Ike tensile d

    Rm(psi)

    Opekempe

    Kachasị

    Opekempe

    Kachasị

    Kachasị

    Opekempe

    Opekempe
    BR, BN, BQ, BM

    35,500

    65,300

    60,200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60,200
    X42,X42R,X2Q,X42M

    42,100

    71,800

    60,200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60,200
    X46N,X46Q,X46M

    46,400

    76,100

    63,100

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    63,100
    X52N,X52Q,X52M

    52,200

    76,900

    66,700

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    66,700
    X56N,X56Q,X56M

    56,600

    79,000

    71,100

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    71,100
    X60N,X60Q,S60M

    60,200

    81,900

    75,400

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    75,400
    X65Q, X65M

    65,300

    87,000

    77,600

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    76,600
    X70Q, X65M

    70,300

    92,100

    82,700

    110,200

    0.93

    f

    82,700
    X80Q, X80M

    80,500

    102,300

    90,600

    119,700

    0.93

    f

    90,600
    a.Maka ọkwa etiti, rụtụ aka na nkọwapụta API5L zuru ezu.

    b.maka akara ule > X90 rụtụ aka na nkọwapụta API5L zuru ezu.

    c.Oke a metụtara pies nwere D> 12.750 in

    d.Maka akara ule etiti, ike tensile kacha nta a kapịrị ọnụ maka eriri weld ga-abụ otu uru e kpebiri maka ahụ ọkpọkọ site na iji ụkwụ a.

    e.maka ọkpọkọ chọrọ nnwale ogologo oge, ike mkpụrụ kachasị ga-abụ ≤ 71,800 psi

    f.Ogologo kacha nta akọwapụtara, Af, akọwapụta ya na pasentị wee gbakọọ ruo pasentị kacha nso, a ga-eji nha nhata ekpebie:

    Ebe C bụ 1 940 maka mgbako site na iji nkeji Si na 625 000 maka mgbako site na iji nkeji USC.

    Axcbụ nke ọdabara Mpempe ule tensile na mpaghara cross-section, nke akọwara n'ime square millimeters (square inches) , dị ka ndị a

    - Maka mpempe ule okirikiri okirikiri, 130mm2 (0.20 nke anụ ọhịa)2) maka 12.7 mm (0.500 na) na 8.9 mm (.350 na) mpempe ule dayameta;na 65 mm2(0.10 nke anụ ọhịa2) maka mpempe ule dayameta 6.4 mm (0.250in).

    - Maka mpempe ule zuru oke, obere nke a) 485 mm2(0.75 nke anụ ọhịa)2) na b) mpaghara obe nke mpempe ule, nke a na-enweta site na iji dayameta n'èzí akọwapụtara na ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi a kapịrị ọnụ nke ọkpọkọ, gbakọrọ na 10 mm kacha nso.2(0.10 n'arọ2)

    - Maka mpempe ule warara, nke pere mpe nke a) 485 mm2(0.75 nke anụ ọhịa)2) na b) mpaghara obe nke mpempe ule, nke a na-enweta site na iji obosara a kapịrị ọnụ nke mpempe ule na mgbidi a kapịrị ọnụ nke ọkpọkọ, gbakọrọ na 10 mm kacha nso.2(0.10 n'arọ2)

    U bụ ike tensile kacha nta akọwapụtara, egosipụtara na megapascals (paụnd kwa square inch

    g.Ọnụ ego dị ala maka R10,5IRm enwere ike ịkọwapụta site na nkwekọrịta

    h.maka akara ule> x90 rụtụ aka na nkọwapụta API5L zuru ezu.

    Nnwale Hydrostatic

    Ọkụ iji guzogide ule hydrostatic na-enweghị ntapu site na eriri weld ma ọ bụ ahụ ọkpọkọ.Ọ dịghị mkpa ka a nwale njikọ njikọ hydrostatic ma ọ bụrụ na a nwalere akụkụ ọkpọkọ ejiri mee nke ọma.

    Bend Test

    Ọ dịghị mgbawa ga-eme n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ule ibe na ọ bụghị oghere nke weld ga-eme.

    Nnwale ire ọkụ

    Ụkpụrụ nnabata maka ule ịchafụ ga-abụ
    a) EW ọkpọkọ D<12.750 in
    -≥ X60 na T≥0.500in, a gaghị enwe oghere nke weld tupu anya n'etiti efere ndị ahụ na-erughị 66% nke mbụ n'èzí dayameta.Maka ọkwa niile na mgbidi, 50%.
    - Maka ọkpọkọ nwere D / t> 10, a gaghị enwe oghere nke weld tupu anya dị n'etiti efere ndị ahụ na-erughị 30% nke mbụ n'èzí dayameta.
    b) Maka nha ndị ọzọ rụtụ aka na nkọwapụta API5L zuru ezu

    Nnwale mmetụta CVN maka PSL2

    Ọtụtụ ọkpọkọ PSL2 na akara ule chọrọ CVN.A ga-anwale ọkpọkọ enweghị nkebi n'ime ahụ.A ga-anwale ọkpọkọ welded n'ime Ahụ, Weld Weld na mpaghara okpomọkụ metụtara (HAZ).Rụtụ aka na nkọwapụta API5L zuru ezu maka eserese nke nha na akara ule yana ụkpụrụ ike etinyere n'ime ya chọrọ.

    Ntachi obi n'èzí dayameta, Site na okirikiri na ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi

    Akpọpụtara n'èzí dayameta D (na)

    Ntachi obi dayameta, sentimita d

    Ntachi obi na-apụ apụ n'ime

    Ọkpọkpọ ma e wezụga njedebe a

    Ọgwụgwụ ọkpọkọ a,b,c

    Ọkpọkpọ ma e wezụga Ọgwụgwụ a

    Pipe Ọgwụgwụ a,b,c

    SMLS Pipe

    Ọkpọkpọ welded

    SMLS Pipe

    Ọkpọkpọ welded

    < 2,375

    -0.031 ruo + 0.016

    - 0.031 ruo + 0.016

    0,048

    0,036

    ≥2.375 ruo 6.625

    +/- 0.0075D

    		 - 0.016 ruo + 0.063

    0.020D maka

    Site nkwekọrịta maka

    0.015D maka

    Site nkwekọrịta maka

    > 6.625 ruo 24.000

    +/- 0.0075D

    +/- 0.0075D, mana kacha nke 0.125

    +/- 0.005D, mana kacha nke 0.063

    0.020D

    0.015D

    > 24 ruo 56

    +/- 0.01D

    +/- 0.005D mana kacha nke 0.160

    +/- 0.079

    +/- 0.063

    0.015D maka mana kacha nke 0.060

    Maka

    Site na nkwekọrịta

    maka

    0.01D maka mana kacha nke 0.500

    Maka

    Site na nkwekọrịta

    maka
    >56 Dị ka e kwetara
    1. Ngwunye ọkpọkọ na-agụnye ogologo nke 4 na eri nke ọ bụla n'ime ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ
    2. Maka ọkpọkọ SMLS, nnabata a na-etinye maka t≤0.984in na nnabata maka ọkpọkọ toro ka a ga-ekwenye.
    3. Maka ọkpọkọ gbasaa na D≥8.625in na maka ọkpọkọ na-agbasaghị, enwere ike ikpebi nkwụsị nke dayameta na nkwụsị nke gburugburu site na iji gbakọọ n'ime dayameta ma ọ bụ tụọ n'ime dayameta karịa OD akọwapụtara.
    4. Maka ikpebi nnabata na nnabata dayameta, a na-akọwa dayameta ọkpọkọ dị ka okirikiri ọkpọkọ n'akụkụ ụgbọ elu ọ bụla nke Pi kewara.

    Ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi

    t sentimita

    Nkwenye a

    sentimita asatọ

    SMLS ọkpọkọ b

    0.157

    + 0.024 / - 0.020

    > 0.157 ruo <0.948

    + 0.150t / - 0.125t

    0.984

    + 0.146 ma ọ bụ + 0.1t, nke ọ bụla dị ukwuu

    - 0.120 ma ọ bụ - 0.1t, nke ọ bụla dị ukwuu

    ọkpọkọ welded c,d

    ≤ 0.197

    +/- 0.020
    > 0.197 ruo <0.591

    +/- 0.1t

    0.591

    +/- 0.060
    1. Ọ bụrụ na iwu ịzụrụ akọwapụta mwepu ntachi obi maka ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi dị obere karịa uru ọdabara enyere na tebụl a, a ga-abawanye nnabata maka ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi site na ego zuru oke iji dokwaa oke nnabata ọdabara.
    2. N'ihi na ọkpọkọ na D≥ 14.000 na na t≥0.984in, mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ ndidi na mpaghara nwere ike gafere gbakwunyere ndidi maka mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ site 0.05t ọzọ ma ọ bụrụhaala na gbakwunyere ndidi maka uka na-agaghị gafere.
    3. Nkwenye gbakwunyere maka mgbidi mgbidi anaghị emetụta mpaghara weld
    4. Hụ nkọwapụta API5L zuru ezu maka nkọwa zuru ezu
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